Bảng thuật ngữ Coin
Thế giới tiền mã hoá có ngôn ngữ riêng của nó. Dưới đây là các thuật ngữ phổ biến nhất được giải thích.
A
Attack 51%
If more than half of computer power or mining hash rate on a network is run by a single person or a single group of people, then a 51% attack is in operation.
Adoption curve
Adoption curve indicates the pace of adoption of a new technology by people. It may also involve segregation of the target audience to understand the market’s willingness.
Algorithm
Algorithm is a process or set of rules to be followed in problem-solving or calculation operations, usually used by a computer.
Algo-trading
Algorithmic trading is an automated trading system where buy and sell orders are placed according to the rules of a computer program or algorithm.
Air Gap
Air Gap is a security measure, in which computer, computer systems or networks are not connected in any way to any other device or network. It ensures total isolation of a given system – electromagnetically, physically and electronically.
AFK
AFK stands for “Away From Keyboard”, which is a popular term in IT world (gamers etc.). It is used to recognize someone as not available or not present.
Aave
Aave is decentralised non-custodial liquidity market protocol, where users can participate a depositors or borrowers. First are providing liquidity to the market, while borrowers can borrow it.
B
Bitcoin and Altcoin
Bitcoin is the first and most valuable cryptocurrency, launched on 3rd of January 2009. Altcoin on the other hand is any other coin, that is not Bitcoin. For example, second most popular coin Ethereum, Cardano, Ripple, …
Blockchain
Blockchain is a distributed database that is shared among the nodes of a computer network. As a database, blockchain stores information electronically in digital format. They are best known for their crucial role in cryptocurrency, for maintaining a secure and decentralized record of transactions.
Bear market
Bear market is referred to market, which has been falling for some period and investors think it is good time to sell before bear market starts. Term comes from bears weight pushing things down.
Bull market
Bull market is referred to market, which has been rising for some period and investors think it is good time to buy when bull market starts. Term comes from bull’s horns pointing up to the sky.
Bitcoin maximalists
Bitcoin maximalists believe that the world’s most popular crypto, Bitcoin, is the only digital asset that will be needed in the future. They also believe that other cryptocurrencies are not in line with ideology.
Block size limit
The size of a block represents the amount of data it stores. And the same as every other box in the world, it has limited capacity. Block size limit is the largest amount of data a blockchain block can hold.
C
Cryptocurrency
Cryptocurrency is a digital or virtual currency that is secured by cryptography, which makes it nearly impossible to counterfeit. Many of them are decentralized networks based on blockchain technology.
Cryptography
The use of cryptographic protocols or different techniques to encrypt messages, sent between parties, which are then decrypted.
Crypto wallet
Crypto wallets store your private keys – passwords that give you access to your cryptocurrencies, keeping your crypto accessible and safe. It also allows you to buy, sell or spend crypto. They come in many forms – can be physical (USB) or virtual (computer software).
Cryptocurrency mining
A way crypto is generated. Process includes downloading software that contains partial or full history of transactions that have occurred on that network. Anyone with computer and internet access can mine cryptocurrencies.
Crypto hunters
Crypto hunters are individual people or businesses that are on the hunt after lost cryptocurrencies. In some cases, with their equipment, they can also help you to recover forgotten password or lost private keys.
Crypto token
It refers to a special virtual currency token – how crypto is denominated. There tokens represent fungible assets that are on their own blockchain. They are often used in ICO process, which involves a crowdfunding exercise to fund projects.
Cryptocurrency airdrop
Cryptocurrency airdrop is a marketing strategy that is used mostly by new companies in crypto business. It involves sending coins or tokens to wallets in order to promote new virtual currency. Usually they are sent for free, or in exchange for small service such as sharing them on social media.
Coinless protocol
A decentralised network where all incentive mechanisms are built into protocol itself and not as an additional layer on top (like Ethereum). Purpose of it is to create fully autonomous systems with no need for central management.
Cryptoart
A product which has a piece of art embedded on the front, and private keys to an address holding digital currency or other token. These typically hold less value than cryptocurrencies, as they are considered collectibles.
Crypto derivatives
A financial instrument that derives its value from an underlying asset. They are usually contracts traded between two parties, based on the price of a certain item.
Cryptocurrency exchanges
Cryptocurrency exchanges are online platforms wherein you can exchange one kind of digital asset for another. You can buy, sell, and trade cryptocurrency on such exchanges.
Central bank digital currency
CBDCs are digital currencies, issued by a central bank whose status as legal tender depends on government regulation or law.
Collateral token
In cryptocurrency, collateral tokens are used as a risk mitigation asset when borrowing other types of crypto tokens.
Coin mixer
Coin mixers allow users to mix up transactions between different cryptocurrency addresses, so they become untraceable and cannot be followed back to the initial sender or receiver.
Casper
Casper network is a PoS (Proof of Stake) enterprise blockchain, that is designed to help enterprises begin building blockchain-enabled products and services effectively and quickly. They also have their own coin.
Crypto ETF
Crypto ETF stands for Cryptocurrency Exchange Traded Fund. It is a fund, that tracks the movement of price of one crypto coin or more in the bucket.
CyberVerse
CyberVerse is another play-to-earn game, that allows you to become anything. It is in the same principle as other such games, with playing you can achieve cryptocurrency.
Crypto mixer
Cryptocurrency mixer is a service, that offers to mix potentially identifiable cryptocurrency funds with others which obscures the trail back to the funds original source.
CBDC
A CBDC is virtual money backed and issued by central bank. As stablecoins and cryptocurrencies have become more popular, central banks decided to provide alternative.
D
Decryption
Decryption is vice versa, meaning converting encrypted text back to normal.
Decentralized network
Principle of distributing power away from a central point. Blockchains are traditionally decentralized, because they require majority approval from all users to operate and make changes. Peer-to-peer.
Decentralized finance (DeFi)
This are financial activity, without any involvement of an intermediary – bank, government or other financial institution.
Decentralized applications (dApps)
This term is implying for any application or software that runs on blockchain or peer to peer network of computers instead of a single computer.
Digital gold
Experts sometimes compare crypto to real gold, based on similarity that it can store and increase in value. Especially lately, cryptocurrencies are becoming safe haven, same as gold is for many years now.
Dead coin
A project that was launched with intention to being used as a digital currency but failed.
Diversification
Diversification is a strategy, with which you can lower risk. Applying this strategy means, that person does not invest all money into one coin but invests into at least 2 or more different cryptocurrencies.
DYOR
DYOR is acronym for “do your own research.” Which means, that investor or person should not rely only on one source of news or information but should use multiple.
Decentraland
Decentraland is the first fully decentralized world, controlled via the DAO and owns the most important smart contracts and assets. It also owns MANA (crypto that is used for purchases in Decentraland), which allows it to be truly autonomous.
DAO
DAO stands for “Decentralized Autonomous Organization”. Through DAO, users are in control of the policies created to determine, how the world behaves.
DecentWorld
DecentWorld is a Swiss metaverse digital real estate platform, which is built on blockchain technology to bring a next generation of Web3 experience.
Double-bust drop
A double-bust scenario means that uptrend could stop soon, which would lead to a reversal towards the symmetrical triangle’s top.
E
Encryption
Encryption is process of converting text into unintelligible text with the use of a cipher.
Exchange rate
It is the value of currency of one country or cryptocurrency against the currency of another nation or another cryptocurrency. Most exchange rates are freely floating and will change depending on market supply and demand or events, that could have effect on the value of one.
E-Cash
In E-Cash model, users would have to download their electronic money from their bank. So, in other words, it is digitalised currency.
EduFI
EduFI is crypto learn-and-earn program. It is like play-to-earn, with the difference that here you get rewarded for learning
F
Fiat currency
Fiat currency or fiat money is money issued by government. In Europe for example, Euro, in USA U.S. dollar etc. Cryptocurrency on the other hand is virtual money.
Fundamental analysis
With investing, fundamental analysis is important, as investor can partly predict or assume what will happen on the market. It is research of economic events and macrodata, geopolitical events, etc. which could have impact on the price movement of given coin.
Fork
A fork is when a cryptocurrency or blockchain based network splits in two distinct projects with their own code and governing principles.
Futures contracts
They are pre-approved contracts between two parties to fulfil transaction when the value of cryptocurrency reaches agreed price. It’s different than limit order for example, in that that buyer and seller are already nominated and bound. A future contract becomes relevant, when a buyer wants to go short, and seller wants to go long on the asset.
Fan token
Fan token is a cryptocurrency issued by a specific sports team and allows its holders to participate in the governing activities and attain exclusive rewards and discounts.
Front-running
Front-running is the illegal practice of using insider information to make securities purchases knowing other purchasers are going to buy the same crypto and then sell it at a higher price.
G
Gas
Gas is the cost of computing power when completing transactions on the Ethereum blockchain, which gets passed on to network participants in the form of fees.
GitHub
GitHub is one of the most popular code hosting platforms, allowing developers to collaborate on various projects.
Gold-backed crypto
Gold-backed cryptocurrencies are coins or tokens issued that represents a value of gold – one gram equals one coin for example.
H
HODL
Term stands for “Hold on for dear life.” Even though it came out as a typing mistake from one user. It refers to traders, that their investments are in minus, to hold onto cryptocurrency in hopes that it increases in value.
Halving
Halving refers to one of the most anticipated events for Bitcoin. It is process of halving the rewards of mining Bitcoin after around 210.000 blocks are mined. Time span for this to happen is usually around 4 years.
Hash rate
Hash rate is the measure of computing and processing power used in crypto mining, which is the process of getting cryptocurrency through powerful computer and software. Higher hash rate means also more robust network.
I
Initial coin offering (ICO)
An initial coin offering is a company seeking to raise money to create a new coin, app or they launch it just to raise funds. Investors can that way buy coin that was issued by the company. It may have some connection to service or product of the company, or it can just represent a stake in company.
Initial decentralised offering (IDO)
An initial decentralised offering is like ICO but lets users to interact with the project even before it gets live.
Initial exchange offering (IEO)
An initial exchange offering is when a coin is sold for the very first time through a digital currency exchange.
Interoperability
Interoperability is a concept, where it would enable two blockchains to work together. A classic blockchain accepts transactions given the current one does not violate rules.
K
Keylogger
A keylogger or keystroke logging software is a spying tool often used by hackers to record what user is typing.
L
Long position
Long position is, when investor speculates on the rise of the price, and he buys the cryptocurrency.
Leverage
Using leverage means, that you open position, or you trade cryptocurrencies which has bigger nominal value as your account balance. For example, using leverage 1:100 means that with every 1 dollar you have on your account, you can buy something worth 100 dollars. It is important to mention, that with using leverage you can increase your potential profit as well as deepen your potential loss.
LAMBO
It is a slang for the type of car, that many crypto traders are aspired to buy when their digital assets will skyrocket to the moon.
Large cap
Large caps are well-established projects and organisations having a market cap of 10 billion dollars or more.
Ledger
Ledger is a record of financial transactions that cannot be changed, only appended with new transactions.
Liquidity mining
Liquidity mining is a mechanism or process in which participants supply crypto into their liquidity pools and are rewarded with fees and tokens.
Liquidity pool
They are crypto assets that are kept to facilitate the trading of trading pairs on decentralised exchanges.
M
Memecoin
Memecoin is a digital currency that doesn’t have any inherent value and is used only for social media purposes. One example is Dogecoin, as it was created as a joke, but now has some certain value and big fanbase.
Market capitalization
Cryptocurrency market capitalization refers to the total value of all the coins that have been mined. You can calculate it by yourself, if you multiply current number if coin in market with its price.
N
NFT
Nonfungible token, or with other words digital item that is irreplaceable. It accounts to anything you can imagine pictures, songs, videos, gifs, … and they only way to buy them is with cryptocurrency. It also uses blockchain.
P
Peer-to-peer
This is a system where two partied can make financial transactions with each other, without involving third party, like a bank. Blockchain is an example of this system, since it connects nodes in its network directly to one another and makes possible to share transactions freely between them.
Pump and dump
Pump and dump term is used for a form of price manipulation, where price of crypto is boosted with help of false recommendations (pump) and then the assets are sold at a higher price (dump).
Proof of Stake
Proof of Stake (PoS) stands for blockchain consensus model, that is used to ensure the validity of transactions in crypto trading. Proof of Stake miners stake their digital coins for the right to validate new block transactions.
Proof of Work
Proof of Work (PoW) stands for blockchain consensus model, that is used to ensure the validity of transactions in crypto trading. It involves solving complex cryptographic mathematical equations using computing power – mining.
Protocol ecosystem
In a computer world, protocol ecosystem is a set of rules or procedures for transmitting data between electronic devices.
Play-to-earn
Play-to-earn are online games, in which player gets rewarded for playing. In crypto and NFT world, player can achieve free coins or NFT art.
R
Return on investment (ROI)
As the name itself can tell, this is percentage of investment returns over an initial investment. It is used as measurement of performance on a particular cryptocurrency.
Revoland
Revoland is a blockchain based multiplayer online battle arena game, where players can make a team, fight with others and in that way earn token rewards.
S
Smart contract
It is a piece of code that is executed on blockchain after certain conditions have been met. This is advantage for developers, as they don’t need to build blockchain from scratch when creating decentralised applications.
Stablecoin or digital fiat
A stablecoin pegs its value to some other non-digital currency or commodity. A digital fiat represents a fiat, or government-backed currency on the blockchain. For example, Tether follows U.S. dollar.
Scalping strategy
Scalping strategy is the process of buying and selling a coin multiple times on the same day, usually in short time frame in order to profit from small movement over that period.
Satoshi
Word has two meanings. One meaning is in reference to Satoshi Nakomoto, the anonymous founder of Bitcoin. Satoshi also means a unit of exchange, equal to 0.0001 Bitcoins.
Short position
Short position is, when investor predicts that the value of cryptocurrency will fall and opens the position accordingly.
Swing trading
Swing trading is a trading technique that aims to profit from short to medium-term price changes in stocks, commodities and cryptocurrencies.
Staking
Staking cryptocurrencies is a process that involves committing your crypto assets to support a blockchain network and confirm transactions.
T
Technical analysis
It is quite opposite of fundamental analysis, as here investor does not research market events, but mainly does analysis based on movement of the chart. One can apply moving averages, indicators, oscillators, etc. which can all give a hint of next movement of the price.
Trading robot
Trading robots do trading instead of you. Based on algorithms, technical analysis and your preferences, bot will open and close the trade on its own.
Timelock
It is a condition for a transaction to only be processed at a certain time or block on the blockchain.
TVL
Term TVL stands for Total Value Locked and represents the amount or value of cryptocurrencies that are staked in a crypto liquidity pool.
Token-based economy
A token economy is a system of contingency management based on the systematic reinforcement of target behaviour. The reinforcers are tokens that can be exchanged for other reinforces.
U
Unicorn
Term Unicorn is used to describe companies, which were valued at more than one billion dollars by venture capitalists. In the world of cryptocurrencies, it describes crypto companies.
Unhosted wallet
An unhosted wallet is just a regular crypto wallet in which user has control of his private keys.
W
WHALE
It is a slang term, that is targeting big investors, who intend to invest huge amount of money.
Wash trade
A form of market manipulation in which investors create artificial activity in the marketplace by simultaneously selling and buying the same cryptocurrencies.
Web3
Web3 is a new version of internet or world wide web, which is based on blockchain technology. It is expected that it will provide better security, scalability, and privacy. It also incorporates token-based economics.
Whale night
Whale night is a conference, it is an evening of networking, games, discussion and collaboration among the Bitcoin’s industry leaders and influencers.
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